For he being supposed to have all

Sec. 91.  For he being supposed to have all, both  legislative and executive power in himself alone, there is no  judge to be found, no appeal lies open to any one, who may  fairly, and indifferently, and with authority decide oakley sunglasses, and from  whose decision relief and redress may be expected of any injury  or inconviency, that may be suffered from the prince, or by his  order: so that such a man, however intitled, Czar, or Grand  Seignior, or how you please, is as much in the state of nature,  with all under his dominion, as he is with therest of mankind:  for where-ever any two men are, who have no standing rule, and  common judge to appeal to on earth, for the determination of  controversies of right betwixt them, there they are still in the  state of* nature, and under all the inconveniencies of it, with  only this woful difference to the subject, or rather slave of an  absolute prince: that whereas, in the ordinary state of nature,  he has a liberty to judge of his right, and according to the best  of his power, to maintain it; now, whenever his property is  invaded by the will and order of his monarch, he has not only no  appeal, as those in society ought to have, but as if he were  degraded from the common state of rational creatures, is denied a  liberty to judge of, or to defend his right; and so is exposed to  all the misery and inconveniencies, that a man can fear from one,  who being in the unrestrained state of nature, is yet corrupted  with flattery, and armed with power.   Sec. 88.  And thus the common-wealth comes by a power to set  down what punishment shall belong to the several transgressions  which they think worthy of it, committed amongst the members of  that society, (which is the power of making laws) as well as it  has the power to punish any injury done unto any of its members,  by any one that is not of it, (which is the power of war and  peace;) and all this for the preservation of the property of all  the members of that society, as far as is possible.  But though  every man who has entered into civil society, and is become a  member of any commonwealth, has thereby quitted his power to  punish offences, against the law of nature, in prosecution of his  own private judgment, yet with the judgment of offences, which he  has given up to the legislative in all cases, where he can appeal  to the magistrate fake oakleys, he has given a right to the common-wealth to  employ his force, for the execution of the judgments of the  common-wealth, whenever he shall be called to it; which indeed  are his own judgments, they being made by himself, or his  representative.  And herein we have the original of the  legislative and executive power of civil society, which is to  judge by standing laws, how far offences are to be punished, when  committed within the common-wealth; and also to determine, by  occasional judgments founded on the present circumstances of the  fact, how far injuries from without are to be vindicated; and in  both these to employ all the force of all the members, when there  shall be need. 

      Sec. 89.  Where-ever therefore any number of men are so  united into one society, as to quit every one his executive power  of the law of nature, and to resign it to the public, there and  there only is a political, or civil society.  And this is done,  where-ever any number of men, in the state of nature, enter into  society to make one people, one body politic, under one supreme  government; or else when any one joins himself to, and  incorporates with any government already made: for hereby he  authorizes the society, or which is all one, the legislative  thereof replica oakleys, to make laws for him, as the public good of the society  shall require; to the execution whereof, his own assistance (as  to his own decrees) is due.  And this puts men out of a state of  nature into that of a common-wealth, by setting up a judge on  earth, with authority to determine all the controversies, and  redress the injuries that may happen to any member of the  commonwealth; which judge is the legislative, or magistrates  appointed by it.  And where-ever there are any number  of  men,   however associated, that have no such decisive power to appeal  to, there they are still in the state of nature. 

Sec. 93.  In absolute monarchies indeed, as well as other  governments of the world, the subjects have an appeal to the law,  and judges to decide any controversies, and restrain any violence  that may happen betwixt the subjects themselves, one amongst  another.  This every one thinks necessary, and believes he  deserves to be thought a declared enemy to society and mankind,  who should go about to take it away.  But whether this be from a

true love of mankind and society, and such a charity as we owe  all one to another, there is reason to doubt: for this is no more  than what every man, who loves his own power, profit, or  greatness, may and naturally must do, keep those animals from  hurting, or destroying one another, who labour and drudge only  for his pleasure and advantage; and so are taken care of, not out  of any love the master has for them, but love of himself, and the  profit they bring him: for if it be asked, what security, what  fence is there, in such a state, against the violence and  oppression of this absolute ruler? the very question can scarce  be borne.